WASHINGTON, DC — The global garment industry has undergone a dramatic transformation over the past two decades, with knit and woven garments together accounting for nearly 60% of world textile exports in 2025, according to the August 2026 issue of The Textiles Observer, a free publication from the International Cotton Advisory Committee (ICAC).
World textile exports increased from approximately $560 billion in 2006 to $914 billion in 2025. Knit garment exports nearly doubled over the period, rising from $145.2 billion to $289.1 billion, while woven garment exports increased from $158.5 billion to $257.7 billion.
But the most significant change has not simply been the expansion of trade. It has been a fundamental redistribution of global competitiveness.
China remains the world’s dominant textile and garment exporter, but Bangladesh and Vietnam have emerged as major global suppliers. Bangladesh rose from 14th place among textile exporters in 2006 to second in 2025, while Viet Nam climbed from 21st to third. Together with China, the three countries accounted for approximately 44% of world textile exports in 2025.
At the same time, demand has become increasingly geographically dispersed. The United States remains the world’s largest textile importer, but its share of global imports fell from 18.9% in 2006 to 13.7% in 2025. A wider range of markets in Europe and Asia have gained importance, creating an increasingly multi-destination global textile market.
Cotton Remains a Major Force — but Fiber Competition Is Intensifying
The report finds that cotton continues to command some of the largest individual product markets in world apparel, including Cotton T-shirts, Cotton Jerseys, and Men’s and Women’s Cotton Trousers & Shorts.
However, competing fibers are growing more rapidly in many applications.
Cotton represented approximately 68.3% of global fiber demand in 1960, compared with 21.1% in 2025. Over the same period, synthetic fibers increased their share from 4.6% to 71.7%.
The shift is also visible within garment trade. Cotton-based knit garment exports increased from approximately US$69.9 billion in 2006 to US$128.3 billion in 2025, but their share declined from 48.3% to 44.5%. Man-made and synthetic knit garment exports grew more rapidly, increasing from US$35.6 billion to US$99.2 billion and raising their share from 24.6% to 34.4%.
The picture is even more pronounced in woven garments, where man-made and synthetic fibers overtook cotton in export value in 2021.
The findings do not indicate disappearing demand for cotton. Instead, they highlight a challenge of relative competitiveness: Cotton continues to participate in a growing global garment market, but competing fibers are capturing a larger share of that growth.
Cotton Quality Begins at the Farm
The August issue also features an article by Dr Marinus (René) van der Sluijs examining two significant cotton contamination challenges: stickiness and seed-coat fragments.
Stickiness can interfere with cotton processing, increase costs, reduce product quality, and damage the commercial reputation of cotton from affected origins. A global study cited in the report found that 64% of participants rated stickiness as a major cotton-fiber defect affecting yarn properties, while cotton from origins associated with stickiness can face discounts of up to 50%.
Seed-coat fragments present a separate challenge because fibers remain attached to the fragments, making them difficult to remove during processing. They can contribute to spinning end-breakages, increase production costs, and appear as dark specks in dyed fabrics.
The report examines methods for detecting and measuring these problems as well as practical measures to reduce their impact throughout production and processing.
A Global Industry in Transition
Taken together, the August Textiles Observer highlights an industry being reshaped simultaneously by changing centers of manufacturing, increasingly diverse consumer markets, stronger competition among fibers, and rising expectations for cotton quality and processing performance.
Cotton remains deeply embedded in the global garment economy. Its challenge is not simply maintaining demand, but strengthening its competitiveness and capturing a greater share of future growth.
The August 2026 issue of The Textiles Observer is available from the International Cotton Advisory Committee HERE.
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About the International Cotton Advisory Committee (ICAC)
Formed in 1939, the ICAC is an association of cotton producing, consuming, trading, and investing countries. It acts as a catalyst for change by helping Member governments maintain a healthy world cotton economy; provides transparency to the world cotton market by serving as a clearinghouse for technical information on cotton production; and serves as a forum for discussing cotton issues of international significance. In addition, Members can take advantage of the ICAC’s global network of cotton researchers, whose expertise covers the supply chain from farm to textile manufacturing, and have free access to its cutting-edge technologies like the voice-based app and virtual reality cotton training program. Committed to ensuring cotton’s continued sustainability, the ICAC is the only intergovernmental commodity body covering cotton that is recognized by the United Nations. For more information, please visit www.icac.org, Twitter or LinkedIn.
Dr Mansurbek Muminov is a senior scientist at the Scientific Research Institute of Fiber Crops in Uzbekistan. His efforts have focused on basic cotton ginning and spinning, and he has authored more than 10 comprehensive research papers in those areas.
Dr. Keshav R. Kranthi, Ph.D is the Chief Scientist at the International Cotton Advisory Committee (ICAC), Washington, DC. Before joining the ICAC, he served as the Director of the Central Institute for Cotton Research (CICR) in Nagpur, India, from 2008 to 2017. Dr. Kranthi has thirty-five years of experience as a cotton scientist. He received a gold medal in his Ph.D. in 1991 and has been honored with more than a dozen awards, including the Best CPP Program Award for Research Leadership by the Renewable Natural Resources Research International, UK; the ICAC Researcher of the Year Award in 2009; the Vasantrao Naik Smruti Pratisthan Award in 2004; the ICAR National Award for Leader of Best Team Research in 2006; Fellow of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2009; the ISCI Recognition Award in 2010; Krishi Gaurav Award in 2010; Bhumi Nirman Award in 2011; ISCI Fellow in 2017; the Plant Protection Recognition Award in 2016 by the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Suresh Kotak Global Cotton Award in 2023 and the CRDA life time achievement Award in 2024. Dr. Kranthi has four patents granted in South Africa, Mexico, China, and Uzbekistan, and six patent applications in India. He has published more than 100 peer-reviewed research papers, 20 books/handbooks/manuals, 17 book chapters, and more than 50 popular articles. Dr. Kranthi has presented invited talks and conducted training sessions in more than 40 countries. His research citations are in excess of 6,500. As the chief principal investigator, he coordinated and led more than 35 externally funded international collaboration research projects.
Dr. Charudatta Mayee, Ph.D is a distinguished Indian agricultural scientist and administrator with over five decades of contributions to Indian agriculture. Dr. Mayee currently serves as Adjunct Professor at IARI, New Delhi, and several ICAR institutions and universities. Dr Mayee served as Vice Chancellor of MAU Parbhani, Director of the Central Institute for Cotton Research (ICAR-CICR), Nagpur, and Agriculture Commissioner for the Government of India. Dr Mayee served as Vice President of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) India. Dr. C.D. Mayee has received numerous accolades spanning five decades, recognizing his transformative contributions to agricultural science. He is an Alexander von Humboldt Fellow and has received lifetime achievement awards from multiple institutions. His early career was marked by the Prof. M.J. Narasimhan Academic Award (1974) and V.P. Gokhale Award (1998), followed by national honors like the Vasantrao Naik Krishi Award (2002), ICAR Outstanding Team Research Award (2003), and Dr. B. Vishwanath Award (2005). He received Lifetime Achievement Awards from the Indian Society for Cotton Improvement (2008), National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2011), and Indian Phytopathological Society (2017), among others. Four universities conferred Honorary Doctorates (D.Sc.) for his pioneering work (2009–2023). Recent distinctions include the Best Cotton Scientist Award (2022, Cotton Association of India), Krishi Maharshi for Cotton R&D (2024) and the winner of the ICAC Researcher of the Year Award 2025.
Dr. Khalid Mahmood is the Co-Founder of SAWiE, where he has been instrumental in developing digital farm advisory and farm data platforms supporting over 10,000 farmers in Pakistan, improving traceability and transparency across agricultural supply chains. He is leading the development of first-mile traceability systems and the TRUE Cotton platform, connecting farmers with sustainable global textile supply chains.
Dr Olivier Zieschank studied Management at the university of Lausanne, where he graduated in 2005. Until 2010, he worked in a Swiss-based start-up that specialized in negotiating cell tower lease agreements, where he became associate director. In 2010, he returned to university and studied applied economics in Neuchatel, Switzerland. He wrote his PhD in Economics at the University of Freiberg, Germany, where he developed a theory of organization. Mr Zieschank was appointed Economist at the ITMF in August 2017 and became director in January 2021.
Ashwin Chandran holds a Bachelors Degree in Textile Technology from UMIST, UK and a Masters degree in Business Administration from the University of Illinois, USA.
Mr. Shreyans Gupta is an officer of the Indian Revenue Service (IRS), currently serving as First Secretary at the Embassy of India in Washington D.C. In his current role, he oversees critical portfolios within the Income-tax Overseas Unit (ITOU) and the Commerce Wing, facilitating bilateral and multilateral cooperation.
Eric Trachtenberg is the Executive Director of the International Cotton Advisory Committee (ICAC).
Pia Terasa joined the textile machinery manufacturer Saurer over 25 years ago. She is responsible for marketing and communications at the group level. Coming originally from a non-textile background, market intelligence and business development have played major roles throughout her career. Her current main “hobby” is closely monitoring development of the textile recycling industry and circular economy.
Dr. Md. Fakhre Alam Ibne Tabib is the former Executive Director of the Cotton Development Board of Bangladesh, with over 32 years of experience in cotton production, research, and development. He has demonstrated strong leadership and communication skills in engaging with national and international stakeholders in the cotton sector.
Dr. Elsie Sia Kanza is the current Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United Republic of Tanzania to the United States of America and Mexico. Prior to that role, Ambassador Kanza served as Special Advisor to the President of the World Economic Forum, and, before that, Head of Africa and Member of Executive Committee for 10 years championing growth and development in Africa leveraging public private collaboration. In 2015, She was awarded a Doctorate in Business Administration (honoris causa) by the University of Strathclyde for the transformative impact achieved in Africa.
Alison Ward has over 30 years of international experience in sustainability and corporate affairs. Alison is the CEO of CottonConnect, where she leads a team of over 100 employees, impacting the lives of over 800,000 cotton farmers in India, China, Pakistan, Turkey, Egypt and Bangladesh. Under Alison’s leadership the organization: drives supply chain transparency connecting sustainable fibres from farm to store; focuses on the rights and skills of women in supply chains through pioneering gender programmes; and continues to develop innovations at a farm level. She leads cotton strategies and programmes for global brands and retailers.


Name: Mary Concilia Anchang
Besim Özek
SIDDHARTHA RAJAGOPAL, Executive Director – TEXPROCIL